Filipinos Forgiving Nature Essay Example for Free

Filipinos Forgiving Nature Essay Why many Filipino people are forgiving? Giving offenders a â€Å"second chance† rather than punishing them is inherently Filipino. Let’s take for example the apology offered by the Magdalo mutineers which comes as no surprise in light of the Filipinos forgiving nature. Despite the very good laws we have here in the Philippines, we don’t think settlement of it will still be possible. We rarely condemn people, we just require them to change their ways. Ms. Arroyo’s granting of amnesty towards the Magdalo mutineers is just one of the issues that shows Filipinos tend to forgvive. We are not very legalistic except on impersonal matters, such as cases involving money or disputes between big corporations that don’t have a human face. For example, everyone agrees that we should go after tax evasion. Under the Filipino concept of justice, what is prescribed by law is not necessarily just. We tend to forgive easily when we find something valid in the reasons behind the offense. That’s why we have the phrase ‘nadadaan sa magandang usapan’. The way we are raised by our families could affect the way we understand and look into the contexts of one’s behavior. For example, rather than be rigid over rights or claims, step siblings generally do not regard with spite but look after each other’s welfare even when one is illegitimate. And of course, the prodigal child is always given a second chance. No wonder why there are many unresolved cases in the Philippines. Some were given pardon by the government like the case of the former president Ejercito Estrada. Could it be the government’s way to come clean in the eyes of other countries in promoting the tourism industry? To front them that it’s easy to settle agreements here would attract many investors in the country. We‘ll, if that’s the case, many might really take advantage on the situation. And this would just prove that we don’t have rigid implementation of the very good laws here in the Philippines. This is also the reason why some government officials seems relaxed and other foreign countries doesn’t give much importance on Filipinos welfare in their land and they just take it easy when it comes to Filipinos. Maybe because they know the fact that we don‘t experience justice even in our own land, and we are used to it. Pity to those who really experience that kind of treatment. Upon hearing this, I bursted to the cab driver saying ito hirap sating mga Pinoy e, kapag tayo nahuli sa ibang bansa ng drug trafficking death penalty, kapag sila nahuli natin wala pang isang linggo nakalaya na. Theres a big problem with our government or our Filipino blood we are too soft, too forgiving. This is one of the reasons why most of us have no pride and dignity when we are in another soil. I really want to thank Manny Pacquiao for giving the Filipinos some pride. How should other country value our laws when we Filipinos don’t put much attention to these and some just don‘t take it seriously? When we are in their country we are treated like rats but when they are in our country they are treated like kings. I dont know what‘s wrong. If a Filipino guy will enter a building in his own country the security guard will look for an ID with intense body search but if they will see that the guest is a foreigner, Filipinos will happily greet them without checking their bags not even thinking that they could be the terrorist that will kill them. I have nothing against to any foreigners but I got beef with my own blood. If this will continue, probably we will become slaves in our own country.

Develop Workplace Sustainable Policy Management Essay

Develop Workplace Sustainable Policy Management Essay Developing sustainable policies in workplace means to create green environment in office and other thing remain the same that are profit and people. We should thing about the Green environment week in this we should trained our employees to how we can create sustainability in office through training and green environment seminars Communicate workplace sustainable policy The top management issue official notification to all the employees to attend the Green Environment Week and middle management should pay their part and focus to communicate the real meaning to Green Environment Week. Implement workplace sustainable policy After training and seminar management keep that in their employees mind and should tell them the importance of this policy and middle management should implement the policy. Review workplace sustainable policy Implementation After all steps the final stage of this is to evaluate the implementation of the policy and check the results and show this to all the employees that how much important and how much beneficial that is for the company. Activity 1 A). What are three main things businesses should do in order to sustainable future? Making safe and healthy products Treating the workers fairly protect the environment B). How can company reduce waste and pollution? Describe in three ways Develop Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) department Building Schools Using waste to reproduce the helpful material The CSR department planting business and the rest of the company doing business Carbon neutral carpet C). Traditionally when have most companies taken action to change their approach to the environment? When company loss their customer, environmental scandal, abuse labor and produce toxic products D). How does corporate social responsibility work positively towards sustainability? In this video two topics that were conduct into the Corporate Social Responsibility in the parts of living and operational conditions. The first part of study meant to explore and explain corporate policies and planned to instigate social responsibility in the working situation and employment. Two precise issues point out in the study. The second part of the study aimed to develop corporate participation in local society and economic renewal; and the encouragement of environmentally satisfactory practices. The video concludes that CSR is a process not a product. Activity 2 A). List of three most powerful pieces of legislation that present the Australian framework for business sustainability and environment protection Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy Heritage and Environment is supporting business growth and profits through environmental projects that boost efficiency Functioning with business is a key function of the OEH strategy for gets better the sustainability of business in NSW. B). What is the prime purpose of each Act. The Primary purpose of each ACT is following. www.environment.gov.au The department is in charge for implements Australian Governments policy to take care our environment and our Heritage, and to encourage a sustainable way of life. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 It provides us a legal structure to defend and handle national and international vital Fauna, Flora, Ecological communities and important Heritage places. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ It will safeguard the environment, sustain our people and support our financial system. The Clean Energy Act 2011 It sets out the method that Australia will introduce a carbon price to reduce Australias carbon pollution and move to a clean energy future. National greenhouse and energy reporting act 2007 This Act provide for the reporting and distribution of information associated to greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gas projects, energy production and energy consumption, Clean Energy Regulator It is an autonomous body under Australian Government and set up by this ACT. The Clean Energy Regulator will administer new and existing regulatory schemes including the: Mechanism Carbon Pricing Carbon Farming Initiative program applications Australian National Registry of Emissions Units National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting scheme, and Renewable Energy Target. Comcare Australia Comcare works to reduce the human and financial costs of workplace injuries and disease in the Commonwealth jurisdiction. http://www.ret.gov.au/energy/efficiency/eeo/about/Pages/default.aspx This program encourages the large energy using businesses to improve their energy efficiency. It does this by requiring businesses to identify, evaluate and report publicly on cost effective energy savings opportunities. http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/pages/default.aspx The primary responsibility of improving work health and safety and workers compensation arrangements across Australia Work health and safety Act 2011 This Act to address issues identified during the implementation of the new WHS laws. Fair work Australia Act 2009 It is the national workplace relations tribunal. It is an independent body with power to carry out a range of functions relating to: the safety net of minimum wages and employment conditions Enterprise bargaining Industrial action Dispute resolution Termination of employment Other workplace matters. Industrial benchmarking Australian centre for sustainable business and development Accelerate sustainable development by proving the business case for sustainability and Profitable business that is good for the world. Australian Sustainable Business Group It helping organizations deal with the substantial and rapidly changing environmental, and greenhouse laws and helping them to become more sustainable Banksia environmental foundation Achieving a Sustainable Australia Recognizing and rewarding environmental excellence Promoting best practice principles contributing to action-learning and education Boral Ltd It provides the construction material whose do not affect the environment Forum for the future It is a non-profit organization working globally with business and government to create a sustainable future. Global reporting initiative To make sustainability reporting standard practice by providing guidance and support to organizations Sustainable business education case studies The Local Government Association of NSW and the Shires Association of NSW represent 152 general purpose councils, 12 special purpose councils and the NSW Aboriginal Land  Council. Sustainable business Australia It is a business think tank and advocacy group promoting commercial solutions to environmental challenges, SBA member companies collectively influence policies to create clean, green business opportunities and help to shape the next great technological era. Implementation toolkits It provides business assistance and advice, strong technical knowledge and scientific capabilities. By integrating the services of the Departments partner agencies we have a stronger capacity to support NSW industry and businesses in creating jobs and leveraging investment. C). Describe what actions businesses must take to comply with each piece of legislation. Businesses must think about these: Take Social responsibility Green Environment Employees benefits Government Regulation Organizational Structure Labor Laws Environment protection steps Business Educational studies Recycling waste Fair work Activity 3 A). Explain what product Stewardship is Product Stewardship is a conception where the Environment, Health, and safety security centers on the product itself and everybody concerned in the lifetime of the product is called leading to take up liability to decrease its Health, Environmental, and protection impacts. For manufacturer, these include planning for paying for the recycle or the disposal of product to end of it valuable life. This may be achieve in parts by re-designing products to use less injurious substances and to be more long-lasting, reusable and ecological and to build products from recycled equipment. For retailer consumer it means captivating a dynamic role in ensure the correct disposal or recycle of an end of life goods. B). Explain who product stewardship related to waste management The Local harmful Waste Management Program endorse product stewardship philosophy as a management strategy because in the present waste management organization, all the liability for managing toxic goods fall to local government and rate-payers, even if they do not use the goods. The manufacturers who design and market the product are not the part of the recycling organization. Product stewardship program require producer to collect, finance, transport and correctly dispose of their goods at end of life. Product stewardship program is being implemented in many countries like Canada, Asian, Europe and many parts of the countries including Australia. Waste Reduction and Recycling Act 2011(QLD) (31 of 2011) (ACT) gives a chance to make significant improvement in waste resource management. The Act gives a mixture of mechanisms within a frame that seek to support waste reduction and resource recovery and thereby reducing the impact on environment of waste even as promote sustainability. C). What legislation and regulates product Stewardship. The Product Stewardship Act 2011 gives the frame to efficiently manage the environmental and health of people and safety impacts of goods, and in exacting that impact related with the disposal of goods. The frame includes voluntary and co-regulatory and compulsory product stewardship. The way of the legislation deliver on an answer promise by the Australian Govt. under the National Waste Policy, this was agreed by governments in NOV 2009 and authorized by the Council of Australian Governments in August 2010. Activity 4 A). What EMS will cover Environmental issues and opportunities to be addressed by EMS Environmental and business results with their benefits Establish aims, scientific measures and objectives, and related milestones. Get management promise to EMS, describe EMS resource needs, and categorize EMS leaders Existing plan, program, procedure, process, and tools important to the EMS Identify improvements to attain EMS objectives Assign job for developing enhanced or developing new procedure, process, and tools. Identify personnel affected by EMS, define responsibilities, and communicate responsibilities EMS related training needs responsibilities and schedule. Evaluate EMS project performance Top management Review progress, identifies adjustments, and confirms commitments. B). What legislation, codes and practice and industry standards it will comply with Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000 Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1989 Product Stewardship Act 2011 The National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) The Australian Industry Standard Australian accounting standards Fields of Research (FOR) classification Research Fields, Courses and Disciplines (RFCD) classification Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) classification Labor law C). how will be responsible for its management Manager himself responsible for its management or Leader of the EMS and Department of CSR and top management how finalize it D). how it will follow product whole of life principles The green environment always helps to product whole of life principles it will also helps to this approach. E). what you will do to communicate the EMS to all stakeholders- internal and external Internal stakeholders always knows the importance of EMS and I can also communicate this to my honorable stakeholders, doing this we will improve the management by direct communicate the lower staff and remove hesitation, collect the real information it will help in other problems, labor also happy with us and they knows that company will do something for them. I will tell External stakeholder that people like us for this EMS and it will increase the market share and profit and build brand name or company name less toxic products make customer happy and increase our sales revenue and investor love to invest in our company it will increase our business. Activity 5 Research the green offices and describe five ways you can create a more environmentally friendly working environment. The hype of going to be green you have already started to replace family unit cleaners with organic ones and using a petrol car to a hybrid car but why we stop at office? Green office means to make your offices environment friendly and sustainable. Green Office is to aim to support employees across the world to make little change to their working practice to positively affect the environment. It raises knowledge of important green matters, as long as office employees with the realistic advices and tools and give help to create a extra sustainable method of working. Five ways that helps us to make friendlier working environment. Use Soy-based ink (Soybeans ink) Remove waste of Vending Machine (Coffee Machine) Cut Down Transportation (Carpools Matching Service) Less use of lights Less use of papers if office, use Networking to share documents

Wicked And Messy Environmental Problems

Wicked And Messy Environmental Problems Some environmental problems have taken on a new nature; they have become wicked. These wicked problems defy classification and have no clear-cut solutions. They are associated with a high degree of uncertainty and deep disagreement of values. They have become immune to the conventional approach to problem solving and pose a major challenge to effective natural resource management. This essay examines four challenges that wicked problems present: complexity, conflict, change and uncertainty. It suggests that to develop effective policies and management responses, a combination of adaptive management, carefully designed participatory processes and the precautionary principle must be used in a way that enhances social learning. A case study of Canadas Model Forest program is used to illustrate how the adaptive and participatory processes have been effective in dealing with uncertainty and complexity in Forest Management. Human activities over the decades have undoubtedly affected the environment. Industrialization and technological progress is one such activity that has been argued as the cause of great damage to the natural environment. Coupled to the increasing need to provide for the growing populations around the world, this has led to a myriad of environmental problems some of which have been described as messy or wicked. Rittel and Webber (1973) describe wicked environmental problems as defying classification and devoid of clear cut solutions. They have also been associated with radical uncertainty and plurality of legitimate perspectives (Funtowicz and Ravetz, 1991).They pose a great challenge to governance structures, knowledge and skills base as well as our organizational capacity. Amidst the vast technological advancements, these wicked problems still remain unraveled and elusive. What does this mean for natural resource management? This suggests that natural resource management has been plunged into an era of turbulence with diminishing effects of the conventional approach to problem solving. Policymakers and environmental managers will need to realize that there are no quick fixes or simple solutions as is the experience in dealing with tame problems. There is no single correct formulation of a particular problem since the definition of a wicked problem is subject to the beholder (Allen and Gould, 1986).In view of that, decision makers will have to implement policy without exploring all the feasible or possible options. Learning must become a central theme policymakers and natural resource managers may need to incorporate into their daily administration. Quite imperative also, is the realization that management approaches for dealing with wicked problems can only be optimal but never true or false. This essay attempts to suggest ways by which policymakers and natural resource managers can deal with the challenges that wicked and messy problems pose to natural resource managers. It begins by discussing four challenges that wicked problems present: change, conflict, complexity and uncertainty. It argues that since no single approach or model is sufficient for dealing with these problems, a combination of approaches that have proven to be helpful in mitigating the wickedness of these problems in the past must be used. Thus, a social learning network that combines the adaptive, participatory and precautionary approach is proposed. Its applicability is illustrated using Canadas Model Forest Program as a case study. One challenge that has been associated with wicked problems is complexity; a trait Gunderson (1999) suggests is inherent in natural resource problems. Complexity implies a difficulty in establishing cause and effect patterns due to the presence of interdependencies and multiple variables and is determined by the degree of uncertainty and social disagreement on a particular issue (Patton, 2011). For example, the condition and trend exhibited by wildlife populations are as a result of the interactions between factors such as prior population, weather, predators, habitat, disease, off-site factors and chance events. If there is species decline in a population, which of these factors can be blamed for this outcome? The answer is not as simple as solving a mathematical problem since the problem may be caused by one or many of the factors acting in concert. Complexity is seen to exist in two forms: technical and social complexity. The former is linked to limitations in quality of information and a deficiency in knowledge systems. This makes problem-diagnosis very hectic and introduces high levels of uncertainty. The social aspect on the other hand, emanates from difficulties in the coordination of information, activities and stakeholders across several disciplines. The differences in views, values, perception and beliefs of various stakeholders introduce conflict: another challenge in resolving wicked environmental problems. The diversity and range of stakeholder values is normally a recipe for conflict in decision-making. There is often little consensus on what the problem is, let alone a general solution (Ritchey, 2005).This brings into sharp focus the issue of problem-framing. Disagreements on what the problem may be is often commonplace and arguably a major contributor to conflicts. For example, a water resource controversy in Colorado started over a proposed dam (Bingham, 1986).Some parties declined to participate in the discussion until the question of whether or not a dam was needed was answered. Others thought, a dam was the only way to solve the water shortage problem. However, asking the question how much water do we need? is crucial to understanding the problem at hand. The assumption of knowing the solution before exploring the problem further has mainly been associated with experts who may see new problems as exactly as old ones (Kaplan and Kaplan, 1982). Also, the difficulties in reconciling the different values and perception of stakeholders have left most environmental management issues engulfed in appeals and litigation. For example, Cape plc. and RTZ have been sued in British courts for environmental damage and for breach of employment rights in Africa. The growing disputes and litigation in environmental issues has made conflict resolution quite an important concept in environmental management. However, the presence of conflicting values, risk and uncertainty does not mean a definite decision cannot be taken. It only stresses the managers need to think beyond the traditional approach to problem framing and problem solving. As discussed earlier, the various interdependencies and multiple variables in wicked environmental problem makes change an inevitable phenomenon. Horst Rittel in his paper Dilemmas in General Theory of Planning explains that when dealing with wicked problems one must recognize that every wicked problem is a symptom of another problem. Considering the fact that ecosystems, societies, knowledge, technologies and public attitudes are so dynamic it is reasonable for management strategies and practices to be dynamic as well. Policies must continually be adapted to change as well as constructed for local application.Lindbloom (1979) suggests that the only way to ensure consistent progress in dynamic and uncertain situations is to take incremental steps that are bold enough to leave room for possible errors that enhance learning. Contributing to more wickedness is the challenge of uncertainty. Unfortunately, the complexity encountered in environmental and resource management leaves little or no choice than to make decisions in the face of uncertainty. In a complex open system like the environment, knowledge has limits and certainty is far-fetched. Wynne (1992) differentiates among four types of uncertainty: risk, uncertainty, ignorance and indeterminacy. Uncertainty plays outs in situations when the odds are not known. For instance, the contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming has been established however, the precise relationships and potential feedback mechanisms between parameters such as clouds, global air circulation, heat absorption by water, land and so on remain uncertain due to complexity. In essence, the recognition of the kinds of uncertainty may help to identify which plans or approaches are most appropriate. In view of the challenges wicked problems present, environmental management and policymaking must build resilience if it must be effective in mitigating the impact of wicked problems. Policymaking and practice must be adaptive to keep up with their ever changing nature. The complexity, uncertainty and conflict component must be catered for by carefully designing participatory processes that enhance learning. The next section of this essay will shed light on the management responses that must be considered to make policymaking and natural resource management effective for dealing with wicked problems. Adaptive management is one management strategy that can deal with scientific uncertainty and real world examples of its applicability are evident. The adaptive approach has been described as a learning approach that continually improves policy and practice in the face of uncertainty and a tool to frame philosophical, methodological and practical challenges that come with natural resource management (Holling, 1978). This approach has been recognized by international interdisciplinary efforts such as the sustainability science program (Clark and Dixon, 2003), the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) and the Equator Initiative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2005) as having the potential to deal with the complexity of socio ecological processes while enhancing learning. The effectiveness of adaptive management in some cases is not fully realized due to short term project frames, rigid targets and a focus on success prompt managers who use conventional methods thoug h encouraged by government rhetoric to make use of adaptive approaches (Allan and Curtis, 2005). To enhance the practicality of adaptive management, co- management has been brought in to cater for the social uncertainties and institutional barriers that may rise. This has led to adaptive co-management, an approach that combines adaptive and collaborative management. Here, rights and responsibilities are jointly shared to better combat the challenges that wicked problems may bring. Collaboration in essence, demonstrates the need for carefully designed public participation. Public participation has become an entrenched concept in the formulation, implementation and management of environmental issues owing to its suitability for addressing the interests of multiple stakeholders and reducing conflict. It is quite common to see National and subnational governments require the input of the public in managing and developing of environmental policy. An example being the US National Environmental Policy Act and the US Federal Advisory Committee Act. Thus, participation in decision-making is increasingly being regarded as a democratic right (Reed, 2008). Increasing calls for public participation rests on many factors including growing distrust of public institutions and officials, increasing legislative requirements for public participation, the complexity and uncertainty of contemporary problems, different risk perceptions and a growing recognition that decisions are not entirely scientific but social values and politics are inherent in all administrative deci sions. Participatory processes also have a challenge of identifying groups of stakeholders and bringing these interests together in an environment conducive for learning (Gray, 1989).It has also been associated with intensive resource commitments (money, time and human capital), prolonged decision making, reduced decision quality, increased conflict and diminished likelihood of a successful outcome (Steelman, 2001). However on the whole, participatory processes are assets rather than liabilities. A case study that demonstrates the ongoing success of adaptive management and participatory approach in Forest Management is Canadas Model Forest Program. To reduce uncertainty and complexity while promoting the development of innovative ideas and sustainability, the Federal government initiated Canadas model Forest Program in 1992. The Program consists of eleven model forests across Canada, selected to reflect the diversity of ecosystems and social systems present in Canadas Forest environment. Each model forest is designed to function as a living laboratory where novel integrated forest management techniques are researched, developed, applied and monitored in a transparent forum that engages and partners with stakeholders from environmental organizations, industry, native groups, educational and research institutions, community based associations, recreationists and landowners as well as all levels of government The success from this adaptive approach have been many and includes t he development of voluntary wetland conservation programs for private lands; establishment of protocols for reporting on socio economic indicators based on Statistics Canadas census data; developing an ecosystem-integrated resource management plan for the Province of Saskatchewan, production of a code of forestry practice to help landowners understand and apply the principles of sustainable forest management; establishment of the Grand River Reserve to protect three eco-regions and habitat for the endangered Newfoundland pine marten. The Precautionary approach is one possible response that proves very essential for dealing with wicked problems in the face of uncertainty and risk. Some scholars assert that it is a powerful tool for protecting human health and the environment under uncertain conditions (Cameron and Aboucher, 1991) whiles other think it is ill- defined, unscientific and of little value to policymaking (Manson, 2002). Still many nations have some form of precautionary principle in place when confronted with uncertain health risks though they may not explicitly refer to it (Zander, 2010). Under the precautionary principle, the absence or lack of evidence concerning the harmful nature of a substance or practice cannot serve as a justification for delaying action to regulate them (Raffensperger and Tickner, 1999). For example, the issue of global warming usually includes arguments that either favour business-as-usual or the precautionary principle. Opponents against the principle base their arguments on scientific uncertainty regarding how humans have contributed to climate change and the severity of effects that may occur. They generally advocate for further research to reduce the uncertainties before costly emission-reduction policies are implemented. Advocates of the precautionary approach on the other hand argue that the likely adverse effects of the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are serious enough to justify potentially costly regulation despite remaining uncertainties. Today, based on the precautionary principle various moves are being made to reduce the carbon footprint by investing in green technology. Though we do not know the outcome of these actions, it is prudent to try to mitigate its impact on future climatic conditions than do nothing at all. Indeed, the challenges wicked environmental problems present may seem overwhelming and daunting. However to combat these challenges, environmental managers must first realize that wicked problems have no single correct formulation and hence quit searching for one. They must also develop long term learning networks through adaptive management and carefully designed participatory processes that are truly flexible. Lastly, precaution must be utilized in planning processes to avoid creating more wicked problems in the future.

Social institutions Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the years there have been many social institutions that have made a dramatic impact on society; none more important than families. In today’s modern industrialized societies, families carry out basic necessities that other social institutions cannot. Different skills such as responsibility can also be acquired from families where it can be applied to everyday life. Furthermore families in the past needed to be the most important social institution to ensure their survival. Since the pre-industrialized era, families are considered the most important social institution because they provide for our basic needs, teach us to acquire new skills, and assure our survival.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Families in today’s modern industrialized societies carry out basic necessities that other social institutions are incapable of. In order for more generations of people to come about, protection must be provided for them. Means of protection may include: A safe home, food, money, and clothing until offspring can provide for themselves. Families also regulate reproduction which can also be interpreted as population contribution. Since everybody eventually dies, older members can replace themselves by producing new members in their families and subsequently new members in society. Another necessity that families carry out is the socialization of children. For example: Manners such as please and thank you, and behaviour in public areas are instilled in children at young ages. N...

Urban Legend of the Kidney Thieves Essay -- Urban Legends

The Kidney Thieves Urban legends are apocryphal stories involving incidents of the recent past, often including elements of humor and horror that spread quickly and are popularly believed to be true (1). They reflect society's deepest fears and anxieties. One urban legend can be retold with different settings and people, but the central theme or idea remains constant. The appeal of these legends is the possibility they can be true and that they bring out the listeners' deepest fears. The storyteller in the following urban legend is a nineteen-year old man from Annapolis, Maryland. He is currently a freshman at the University, majoring in mechanical engineering. His mother is a nurse and his father, a dentist. One dark Thursday night, he sits me down in his dorm and tells me a chilling story in a hushed tone: A couple years ago a friend of one of my best friends traveled to L.A. on a business trip. One night he went to a bar that reminded him of one back in Annapolis. He went in and played a round of pool and won--the guy he beat offered him a round of drinks and they got to talking. They talked about home and after a few more drinks, Bob lost track of time. The last thing he remembers is deciding to call it a night before everything went black. The next thing he knew he woke up in a strange hotel room with a pain in his lower back. He went to see a doctor who told him that he had had major surgery, and one of his kidneys had been removed cleanly and professionally. HISTORY While seemingly not a tale of the supernatural or of ghosts, this story definitely includes elements of the uncanny. Many versions of this story are circulated, and one potential source for the story dates to 1988. In 1989, ... ...nce to decide exactly who these menacing â€Å"kidney thieves† are. Works Cited (1) Webster's New Millennium Dictionary of English, Preview Edition. Lexico Publishing Group, 2004. http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=urban%20legend. (2) Mikkelson, Barbara and David P. You’ve Got to be Kidneying. Urban Legends Reference Pages, 2004. http://www.snopes.com/horrors/robbery/kidney.htm. (3) Emery, David. The Kidney Snatchers. About Inc, 2005. http://urbanlegends.about.com/library/weekly/aa062997b.htm. (4) Mikkelson, Barbara and David P. Organ Nicked: Vegetable. Urban Legends Reference Pages, 2004. http://www.snopes.com/horrors/robbery/kidney2.htm. (5) NIH Publication No. 03–4241. Your Kidneys and How They Work. National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse, 2003. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/

From PDAs to Smart Phones: The Evolution of an Industry in the Beginning

Even though PDAs had innovative and sophisticated product designs, companies failed due to several reasons. First, enabling technologies were not up to par and such features as wireless connectivity, greater processing power, longer battery life and replicating streamlined versions of office software compromised the performance and size of the PDA. Another reason was due to the lack of market awareness about the functionality and the future potential of pen-based PDA and the market was still undeveloped in terms of such technology. With the lack of publicity, how would the public see any use for a PDA? This was especially true for a generation that was not technologically driven as we are today. With a device more expensive than desktop systems, it seemed that without proper marketing the public would not understand the need for it. Furthermore, potential users were unsure of the PDA’s performance, compatibility and availability showing how companies failed to address user needs and did not focus on the type of consumer that would most likely buy such a device. In addition to these setbacks, Microsoft stalled the market acceptance of PDA technology when it announced it was planning on a making a PDA, but failed to follow through with it. It is obvious that companies producing PDAs could have developed successful marketing tactics to gain momentum and build a consumer base upon such publicity. However, it can be debated whether the PDA could of survived the emergence of the smart phone. Although many companies such as Momenta and GO failed in the PDA business, Palm proved to be the most victorious. The PalmPilot was successful because the product was fast, simple, and was available for less than $300. With the extinction of PDAS came the launch of the smart phone which created competition among such companies as Research In Motion, Motorola, Samsung, and HTC. However, in 2007, these companies were in for a major battle when computer giant Apple entered into the smart phone industry. Being late to the smart phone market proved in no way to be a disadvantage for Apple as the iPhone surpassed present smart phone models. specially with its integration of touch screen technology into smart phones. Apple was able to successfully enter into the industry when it did due to its well known and trusted brand. The company’s triumph can be measured by the success of its computers, computer software including iTunes, and iPods. The iPhone has been successful due to such features as its user interface, touch screen technology, applications, synchronization with iTunes, and its simplicity along. Apple has always been known for its innovation and the iPhone was proof of that. Overall, there seems to be increasing returns in the smart phone market as its consumer base grows; nevertheless, it is not likely that a single operating system as the dominant design as the cell phone industry produces a variety of different models that accommodate user’s preferences. Overall, the smart phone industry has gained the longevity and potential for further technological advances that PDAs failed to obtain demonstrating how the timing of a product’s entry into its industry is vital in the products success.

Unit 2- the Developing Child

Unit 2 Assignment- The developing child D1 The expected social stage of social development for a 4 year old is that they are more aware to talk to knew people than when they were the age of 3; the children are more friendly and caring towards others. Children are a lot more confident in these ages. D2 The expected social stage of development for a 5 year old is, her or she is becoming very co-operative and engages in conversation. A 5 year old can speak clearly and use different connectives properly in a sentence. Children can also start to choose their own friends.By the end of age 5 children want to please friends, agree to rules and enjoy dancing and singing. D3, D4 One method of observation and recording social development of a child aged 5 could be ‘structured recording’. Structured recording is where you observe a child independently whilst they’re playing, learning, or participating in an activity and following their progress by following a basic tick/check list. It involves looking for particular skills or behaviour that they can either do or cannot. D5 Many factors may affect the way children express their social development.The factors could be, environmental risk factors such as living in an unsafe community, receiving care within a low-quality child care setting, lack of resources available in the community or lack of policies supporting children and families. D6 Snack and meal times can support social development in many ways, for example children learn how to co-operate with one another, they learn how to share with one another for example passing the food bowl around or taking turns, children can also make new friends by sitting near someone they don’t know and interacting with them.This is supporting the child to develop in their social skills. D7 Diversity is an understanding and excepting that all children are different. It is showing that everyone is diverse, and that everyone has different wants and needs. Inclusiv e practise is when all children, no matter how diverse, are included in the same activity and don’t get left out; however the practitioners help adjust activities to help meet the individual needs of others, whilst making them feel like they can do anything with another child no matter their ability.B1 As a practitioner, In order to help the child going through this transition you need to find out as much information as you can, you may do this via parents or career. To support the child through this transition make sure the child understands that everyone will go through the same changes, but that they happen earlier in some children and later in others. Encourage children to take part in regular physical or social activities and give them openings to discuss with you any worries or concerns. B2Collecting information be carrying out observations on children needs to be seen as the starting point rather than the end point. The next step is to evaluate the information although the way in which you might do this may vary. As a practitioner, you might evaluate the observations and a learning tool for your own professional development and feedback your thoughts to your supervisor. As a practitioner, observations might be evaluated so that information can be passed on to your parents and more importantly, so that you can plan more effectively for the child’s needs and interests.